On December 16, 2024, Egypt ratified its first-ever national asylum law. Despite its historic significance, it failed to improve the existing legal framework developed through the activities of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees — the organisation responsible for registering asylum applications, granting international protection, and supporting refugees in Egypt. 

On Monday, November 6, 2023, Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni and her Albanian counterpart Edi Rama signed an agreement to “strengthen bilateral cooperation on migration.” Currently suspended, this agreement aims to create identification and detention centers in Albania where asylum applications from migrants rescued at sea would be processed.